Fine whisky detector to combat fraudsters
Whisky is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages worldwide and, with some high-end brands fetching five or six figures, it’s also a favourite target for fraud.
To combat this, researchers have developed an electronic nose (e-nose) that can distinguish between different brands, origins and styles by ‘sniffing’ the liquor.
The project was led by Associate Professor Steven Su with PhD students Wentian Zhang and Taoping Liu, from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), in collaboration with chemists Professor Shari Forbes and Dr Maiken Ueland.
“Up until now, detecting the differences between whiskies has required either a trained whisky connoisseur, who might still get it wrong, or complex and time-consuming chemical analysis by scientists in a lab,” Associate Professor Su said.
“So to have a rapid, easy-to-use, real-time assessment of whisky to identify the quality, and uncover any adulteration or fraud, could be very beneficial for both high-end wholesalers and purchasers,” he said.
The team used a new e-nose prototype (called NOS.E), developed at UTS, to identify the differences between six whiskies by their brand names, regions and styles in less than four minutes.
The study findings, recently published in the journal IEEE Sensors, showed the e-nose reached 100% accuracy for detecting the region, 96.15% accuracy for brand name and 92.31% accuracy for style.
NOS.E is designed to mimic the human olfactory system, using eight gas sensors to detect odours in a vial of whisky. The sensor array generates the unique signal matrix according to the different odour molecules it comes into contact with.
It then sends the data to a computer for analysis, with a machine learning algorithm trained to recognise whisky characteristics.
The researchers confirmed the NOS.E findings using lab tests on the whisky samples: time-of-flight mass spectrometry paired with two-dimensional gas chromatography, which yielded similar results.
The technology not only has applications in the alcohol industry, with beverages such as wine and cognac as well as whisky, but also for other products that are subject to counterfeiting, such as high-end perfume.
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