Blue-light approach to reducing Campylobacter in poultry

Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. In the UK alone there are hundreds of thousands of cases each year, costing an estimated £700 million annually in health care and lost productivity.

In a study published on 6 October 2026 in the journal Microbiology, researchers from University of Reading, working in collaboration with the Animal and Plant Health Agency, tested a new technique known as violet-blue photodynamic inactivation (VB-PDI) against 64 different strains of Campylobacter, which is found in around three-quarters of all raw chicken sold in the UK. Every single strain was killed by the treatment, regardless of species or antibiotic resistance profile.

VB-PDI works by shining a visible violet-blue light onto bacteria, causing molecules naturally found inside their cells to produce lethal levels of destructive compounds called reactive oxygen species. Crucially, the method needs no physical contact with the food and no added chemicals, making it a promising option for use on poultry carcasses in processing plants after slaughter, before products reach consumers.

The researchers estimate that if the technique could reduce contamination on chicken carcasses by a factor of 100, the proportion of highly contaminated carcasses reaching retail could fall from around 1 in 10 to just 1 in 50.

The team also found no evidence that Campylobacter bacteria could develop resistance to the treatment. Strains that were already resistant to antibiotics were killed just as effectively as fully susceptible ones. When one strain was repeatedly exposed to the light over 15 rounds in the laboratory, in an attempt to force resistance to evolve, no increase in tolerance was seen.

Dr Aidan Taylor, from the University of Reading and lead author of the study, said: “Campylobacter is a genuinely nasty bug, and its sheer abundance in the food chain, combined with rising antibiotic resistance, makes it a really difficult problem to tackle.

“What’s exciting about this light-based approach is that it doesn’t rely on chemicals or antibiotics at all, so it sidesteps the resistance problem entirely. We’ve shown it works against a wide range of real-world strains taken directly from UK poultry, including the multi-drug-resistant strains that worry us most, and we can’t find any evidence that resistance could evolve. That combination of broad efficacy and durability is what makes this such a promising option for cutting contamination before chicken ever reaches someone’s kitchen.”

Because VB-PDI uses simple, low-power LEDs with a long lifespan and minimal running costs, the team also believe it could offer a low-cost option for poultry producers, including in low- and middle-income countries where food safety infrastructure is limited.

Dr Samuel Connelly, from the Animal and Plant Health Agency, who co-led the research, said: “While further evaluation using contaminated meat samples is required, the simplicity and adaptability of this technology suggest that it could be implemented at various stages of the food production process. Such application has the potential to reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter within the food chain and, consequently, contribute to a reduction in the incidence of foodborne illness.”

The researchers say further trials on naturally contaminated poultry carcasses in real processing settings are now needed before the technology could be rolled out commercially.

Image credit: iStock.com/Maksymenko Nataliia